Red Hat and Cisco together

Red Hat, the world's leading provider of open source software, and Cisco will work together to announce that ' integration of Red Hat Enterprise Linux software with Cisco Unified Computing System to create a cutting edge solution that can help users to install applications mission-critical applications in a virtual datacenter with high performance.

Red Hat and Cisco will also work to create an offer of services and global sales channels, customer support and development of tools for deployment and support. The collaboration between Red Hat and Cisco in the open source community is not new and its fruits now seem be ripe for the integration of the demanding computing environments, Red Hat, such as Enterprise Linux and Enterprise Visualization , could take a big lead by the high density of Cisco Unified Computing System, because it's scalable architecture will enable a greater number of enterprise applications to run on systems that have more economic resources than half of the theoretically necessary hardware.

The consequences would be very positive for customers: the possibility to extend their virtual environments, improve business agility and establish policies and network security for virtual environments is consistent for both the traditional ones. Among the most interesting details there The Agreement provides that Cisco Official Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) for Red Hat Enterprise Linux customers will be able to buy directly from Cisco a complete solution for additional services and support. The integration of Cisco's Unified Computing System and solutions Red Hat's software seems to be able to offer customers a platform for the installation of IT infrastructure with all the trappings, made ​​strong with both hands to tap the latest technology of two of the most important vendors in the world.

Bond, High Availability Network Server on Ubuntu 7.10

High network availability is vital for any self-respecting corporate server. Some time ago it came as sometimes seen as a taboo, due to some complexities regarding its installation and configuration on Linux, but today it is seen as just another item to be seen.

Although Ubuntu does not bring any assistant or other graphical tool to allow such service, the setup is extremely simple.

In the example, I'm working on common DELL PowerEdge 2950 server with two plates Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet, seen as eth0 and eth1. The distribution is Ubuntu Server 7.10.

The first step is to insert the Ubuntu 7.10 CD in the CD and run the following command:

# Aptitude install ifenslave-2.6

Once that's done you need to edit the file / etc/modprobe.d/arch/i386 by inserting the following lines:

alias bond0 bonding 
options bond0 mode = 6 = 100 miimon

Where miimon will be the time in milliseconds, mode will be the way it is done the bond, which can be:

Mode 0: balance-rr
mode 1: Failover
Mode 2: balance-xor
Mode 3: Link Aggregation
Mode 4: Transmit Load Balance
Mode 5: Load Balance

Also in options you can enter the option primary = eth0 or eth1 = primary , so choose which interface will be the primary, of course depending on the chosen mode.

Then you must edit the file / etc / network / interfaces , commenting on all lines except the lines of:

it auto eth0 eth1 
inet loopback iface it

For then the same file, include:

self bon0 
iface bond0 inet static 
address 10.1.162.6 
netmask 
255.255.240.0 
gateway 10.1.160.1 up / sbin / ifenslave bond0 eth0 eth1 down / sbin / ifenslave-d bond0 eth0 eth1

Once that's done you should reboot your system to verify everything as planned.

Understand SHell Security: SSH and OpenSSH

The Security SHell (or SSH ) is a remote access tool widely used in Unix systems. Sitema its implementation in GNU / Linux is called OpenSSH.

OpenSSH is not the only option available for remote access NIX systems, we can mention others such as telnet, rlogin, rcp etc., but only the OpenSSH works safely, the key systems using public key private key x of variable size and can be either RSA or DSA primary protocol. In addition, the package works with Procol TCP and its connection usually occurs on port 22 .

The OpenSSH package consists of several programs, which are:

sshd , the daemon responsible for managing the connections to the system.

ssh , client program for connections to other systems.

scp program, which lets you copy files directly from one system to another.

sftp-server , ftp server secure

sftp , secure ftp client

ssh-keygen , program used to generate keys for client access. (See below on the authorized_keys file)

ssh-agent , authentication agent;

ssh-add adds authentication keys to the authentication program;

ssh-keyscan seeks public keys on a given server;

ssh-keysign , wizard for creating host-based authentication;


The server's configuration files are saved in / etc / ssh client and may be related to this directory as well in ~ /. Ssh. In the case of files found in etc, except where noted otherwise, the files belong to root and 644 permission possess. Finally, the files are:

/ Etc / ssh / sshd_config file, the ssh daemon configuration;

/ Etc / ssh / ssh_config , Arquier ssh client configuration;

~ / .ssh / Config , the personal configuration file ssh clients for each user.;

/ Etc / ssh_know_hosts , public key servers apply to all users;

~ / .ssh / Know_hosts stores the public keys are valid for a particular user;

~ / .ssh / Authorized_keys , optional file that prevents the password typing in certain servers, it is stored the passwords generated by ssh-keygen;

/ Etc / ssh / ssh_host_dsa_key , where file is stored at DSA server private key, only root has access to this file (permission 600);

/ Etc / ssh / ssh_host_rsa_key , where file is stored at the server RSA private key, only root has access to this file (permission 600);

/ Etc / ssh / ssh_host_dsa_key.pub , where file is stored at the server public DSA key;

/ Etc / ssh / ssh_host_rsa_key.pub , where file is stored at the server's RSA public key;

Like other network services, access via ssh can be allowed or denied through TCPWrappers and login non root users can be denied by the existence of the file / etc / nologin .

Computer Basic

Easy Learn Computer will discuss about computers ranging from the most basic. Before going on to further yahap is useful to know the basic computer first. In this case the basic knowledge to be learned about the introduction of Hardware and Software. 

HARDWARE
Computer hardware can be divided into several parts :

     CPU (Central Processing Unit)
     Input Device
     Output Devices
     Storage Device

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

The CPU is the most important part of a computer. In it there is a lot of hardware to connect and work processes input devices and send the results to the Output Device. CPU Unit consists of: main board, processor, RAM / Memory, Power Supply, Input / Output Controller, Display Controller, Multimedia Controller, Network Controller.

• Main board

Main board serves to put the whole device controllers. Including Processor, RAM, Power Supply, I / O Controller, Display Controller and all the equipment is placed in the socket provided by the main board. Manufacturer Main board: Asus P5Series, AMPTRON, Compaq, Chip PC, Gigabyte, ECS, Dell, IBM

• Processor

Processor is the brain of the computer, such as the human brain in all commands and command results in the process by the Processor. The processor is a chip that is often called "Microprocessor" which is now the size has reached Gigahertz (GHz). The measure is a matter of the speed of the processor to process data or information. Part of Processors the most important part of the processor that is divided into three: Arithmetic’s Logical Unit (ALU) Control Unit (CU) Memory Unit (MU) The more velocity and higher processor technology, the better the performance of the computer.

Interface = Socket 370 (P-3), Socket 478 (P-4), Socket A / B (AMD), PGA 778 (Dual Core and up) For example, Intel P1, P2, P3, P4, Dual Core, AMD Duron, Athlon, etc. 

Manufacturers processors are widely circulated in the market are AMD, Apple, VIA Cyrix, IBM, IDT, and Intel.

• RAM / Memory

Random Access Memory file storage program executed by the computer functions. The greater the capacity, the more closely the process as well. My experience with the system Windows XP CPU will be very responsive to 2:00 GHz with 512MB RAM. 

Type / Interface = EDO (oldest), SDRAM, DDR1, DDR2, DDR3 (newest, fastest, cheapest)

• Power Supply

Power Supply serves as the resources used to use all the tools available on the computer. Recommendations When Power Supply for your computer is one that has great power, better computer power advantages. 

Pin Type: 12 Pin Interface (old type), 20 Pin ATX, ATX 20 Pin + 4 Pin, ATX 24 Pin + 4 Pin (Latest)

•  I / O Controller

Controller to manage devices connected to the I / O ports (Port Serial, PS2, LPT). Examples of devices that connect to the PS2 Mouse, Keyboard P2, Printer LPT.
Interface = ISA, PCI

• IDE controller and SCSI Controller

The controller is to manage the performance of the devices connected to the IDE or SCSI port. The tools are used to connect hard drives, floppy disks, CD Rom.
Interface = ISA, PCI

• Display Controller

Display Controller to produce a display to a monitor or TV. There are two types of the first on board, both are often called VGA Card. VGA has its own RAM larger capacity, greater RAM then the display on the monitor will be more subtle. VGA Card also serves to reduce load performance RAM / Memory on the use of certain 3D games, 3D video, and programs that require high-resolution graphics. 

Example RAM VGA: 16, 32, 64, 128, 224, 256, 512, 1G. 

Interface = ISA (Old Type), PCI (Old Type), AGP, PCI-Express (New) 

Manufacturer VGA: Nvidia, S3 Trio, SIS, ATI Rage Series, etc.

• Multimedia Controller

Multimedia Controller for producing sound often called a Sound Card (Sound). Sound Card Technology Today technology developed to support 3D Surround 5.1 (mean 5 speakers with 1 Central as Base 6 Channel). 

Manufacturer: Realtek, CMedia, ESS, Creative Sound Blaster. Interface = ISA, PCI

• Network Controller / Network Adapter / LAN Card

Network Controller / Network Adapter / LAN Card are used as a port that connects two or more computers. Usually used for Chat, File Transfer, Database Programs, internet access (if using a modem), Multi Player Games, etc. 

Interface = ISA, PCI


INPUT DEVICE
Device used to enter commands.

• Keyboard

This tool is to include input ASCII characters to be translated so that the system will generate an order.
Port Interface = Serial / PS2 / USB

• Mouse

This tool is a pointing device (pointer) that will help to access the computer.
Port Interface = Serial / PS2 / USB

• Scanner

This tool will convert real image into Image File (File Photo)
Port Interface = LPT / USB

• Joystick

This tool as a game controller.
Port Interface = LPT / USB


Output Devices
That tool works issued the results of a command input device.

• Monitor

To display the results of the CPU.

• Printer

As a means of printed documents. 1. Laser printers, this printer to print quality documents the approach documents have been processed in a computer. 2. Ink-jet printers, laser printers compared to New Media, the initial cost of the printer type more efficiently. 3. Dot matrix printer, this being the most preferred type ON PC era. In this type of printer, the image produced by a collection of the check point spread short distances so it looks uneven. 4. Plotter, printers use a pen set to make World Prints related engineering or architecture. 

Manufacturer : Canon, Epson, HP, Lexmark, Apollo, etc. Port Interface = LPT, USB

• Speaker 

As the sound output device. We can also use earphones.

Storage Device
That the tool serves as a place to store data in a file.

• Fixed Hard disk / Hard Disk 

Chasing placed inside the CPU, is used to store files in a very large capacity. At present, the production capacity of hard disk storage has reached more than 512 GB. 

1KB = 1024 B 

1MB = 1024 KB 

1GB = 1024 MB 

For example, file documents / letters usually only takes 200kb, 4MB MP3, Video CD 50MB / song, 700MB / CD full. 

Interface = IDE, SCSI, SATA Manufacturer: Samsung, Maxtor, Seagate

• Floppy disk Drive

Floppy disk drive is the additional storage that can be moved - moved / not fixed, including the Removable disk. Since capacity is only 1.44 MB floppy disk now abandoned and turned to flash a current capacity up to 8GB, safer and maintenance free. 

Interface = floppy interface 

Manufacturer: Panasonic, Samsung

• CD / DVD Drive

Used as a media reader CD (Compact Disk / Disk tile) or a DVD. CD / DVDRW can be used to read the CD / DVD, and burn to CD / DVD. The storage capacity of a standard 700MB CD, DVD 1 Layer 4.48 GB, 8.15 GB DVD 2 Layer. 

Interface = IDE, SCSI, SATA 

Manufacturer: Samsung, Liteon, LG, Pioneer

Other Device (Other Devices)

• Flash Disk 

Flash Disk is also included in the Storage Device, floppy disk the same function, but has a large capacity and maintenance free. My experience using a floppy disk is very uncomfortable and unsafe, because it must be protected from dust, sunlight, water, magnets, etc. A common mistake because unreadable. Flash disk capacity from 512, 1GB, 2GB, 4GB, 8GB and growing. 

Interface: USB

• Bluetooth Adapter 

This tool converts the digital data into a particular frequency radio signals to connect with other tools such as HP, other PCs, Bluetooth Mouse, Bluetooth Speaker, etc.
Interface: USB

•  TV Tuner

This tool serves to convert the RF signal (TV signals) into digital signals. With this tool for watching TV on the computer is not a problem. Usually equipped with a radio. 

Interface: PCI / USB

• External Hard Drive 

Function and capacity similar to a fixed disk / hard drive. The difference this device can be taken anywhere, because it includes the Removable Disk. 

Interface: USB

SOFTWARE
Software is a program, device drivers, and files on the computer. Namely;

• Operating System (OS)

The operating system is the software that controls the performance of the main system. In determining the OS to consider the compatibility (support for programs to third parties, as well as support for hardware), stability (Often Mistake or not), and Price Range (OS Windows XP Home Edition for dollar cost nearly 800ribu, Linux offers a free OS such as Ubuntu). 

Example OS, DOS 6.22, Windows 3.11, Windows 95, 97, 98, 2000 Server, XP, 2003, Vista, Linux Mandrage, Linux Ubuntu, Suse Linux, etc.

• Program Application

The application program is a supplemental program to support the performance of the computer. (Price Software Microsoft Office Word, Excel Access to 1.7 million). Example Applications, Office (Word, Excel, etc.), Winamp, Power DVD, Pascal, Application Games, etc.

• Device Driver 

All the hardware described above will not work without a Device Driver is installed in the Operating System. For example, the printer cannot print without a Device Driver. For Exsample : Suppose we want to install a TV tuner card installed in the PCI slot. Once the computer is turned on it will be confirmation that the new hardware found and then the computer asks Device Drivers for new hardware. This could mean that the computer wants to know what the name, the function and workings of the new hardware and ask identifier wheel / in the form of software (usually included in the package tool). After we gave the driver files in the form of software, the computer will know that the name of this tool is the TV Tuner, Brand A, mounted on a PCI-X slot, and so on. However, the operating system has been equipped with many hardware-hardware drivers that are often used in PCs. If we put a new tool to the computer then the tool is ready for use, it is called Tool Compatible. Stay updated drivers so we can work optimally. For example, flash, LX-300 Printer, Monitor.